Home/Files/4-Guns/Allies/France/1-FieldGuns/Files/Fabuleux75.htm | Last Up-date: - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Le Fabuleux 75 mm Le canon de campagne Mle.1897, conçu à la toute fin du XIXe siècle, occupe une place unique dans l’histoire de l’artillerie: il fut le premier canon équipé d’un mécanisme de compensation du recul. Les premières unités en furent équipées à partir de 1898, et au début de la Grande Guerre, il constituait le principal canon de campagne de l’armée française. L’appellation courante de Puteaux Mle.1897 n’est pas tout à fait exacte puisque ce canon fut produit dans plusieurs usines, dont Schneider. Le «soixante-quinze» ou «75» resta longtemps en service: les paras français et les troupes polonaises l’utilisaient encore au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Dans l’armée polonaise, le canon avait pour désignation «75mm Armata wz.1897». The field gun Mod.1897, conceived at the any end of the XIXth century, occupies a single place in the history of artillery: it was the first gun equipped with a recoil mechanism. The first units were equipped with it as from 1898, and at the beginning of the Great War, it constituted the principal field gun of the French Army. The current name of Puteaux Mod.1897 is not completely exact since this gun was produced in several factories, of which Schneider. The “seventy-five” or “75” remained a long time in service: the French paras and the Polish troops still used it during the Second world war. In the Polish army, the gun had as a designation “75mm Armata wz.1897”.
At the time of its design, the French gun was characterized by a certain number of innovations. In addition to one recoil system, it was also equipped with a block-cylinder head for offset screw. Thanks to this device, the rate of fire was sufficiently high even for the standards of the Second world war. A vast shield equipped with an opening for the device of pointing protected gunners against the glares. The running-gear was made wheels of wood. In 1933, certain guns were modernized by the addition of steel wheels provided with tires, and the shield was lowered. An aiming system with collimator was also installed. Even if the tanks did not exist yet at the time of its development, the 75 behaved well as an anti-tank gun. It could penetrate 90mm of shielding at 100 m.
|